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Sickle Cell Disease, recessive and somatically distributed.
Pts with Sickle Cell Dz, by age 14 undergo autosplenectomy thus would not have spleen when adult
w/o spleen, need vaccination for S.pneumonia, N.meningitidis, H.influenza
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Splenomegaly, causes of
- congested blood, may be caused by cirrhosis which block portal blood flow and since spleen is emptied to portal vein if liver is clogged, spleen will be clogged.
- infection from cytomegalovirus(affect endothelial cells) which cause acute mononucleosis and splenomegaly, Epstein-Barr virus which cause mononucleosis and splenomegaly, and also from lymphoma/leukemia
CMV - causes cells to get big bad for ppl who are immunosuppressed
Kaposi's sarcoma caused by human herpes virus 8 to those who are immunosuppressed(e.g. to HIV)
TORCH infections are a group of infections that can lead to birth defects. TORCH is an acronym.
The infectious agents are:
- (T) – Toxoplasmosis
- (O) – Other agents, especially syphilis, but also hepatitis B, coxsackie virus, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella-zoster virus, and human parvovirus
- (R) – Rubella
- (C) – Cytomegalovirus
- (H) – Herpes simplex virus
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For neonates(and adults), excessive iron may cause GI bleeding.
-osis (too many)
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Meckel's diverticulum
2 cm long, 2 ft from ileocecal valve, 2 % occurence
A Meckel's diverticulum, a true congenital diverticulum, is a small bulge in the small intestine present at birth. It is a vestigial remnant of the omphalomesenteric duct, and is the most frequent malformation of the gastrointestinal tract. It is present in approximately 2% of the population, with males more frequently experiencing symptoms. It is named after Johann Friedrich Meckel, who first described this type of diverticulum in 1809.
Meckel's diverticulum is located in the distal ileum, usually within about 60-100 cm of the ileocecal valve. It is typically 3-5 cm long, runs antimesenterically and has its own blood supply. A memory aid is the rule of 2's: "2 percent (of the population) - 2 feet (from the ileocecal valve) - 2 inches (in length)"[citation needed] - only 2% are symptomatic, there are 2 types of common ectopic tissue (gastric and pancreatic), and most common age at clinical presentation is 2 years.
Also can be present in an indirect hernia, where it is known as "Hernia of Littre." Furthermore, it can be attached to the umbilical region by the vitelline ligament, with the possibility of vitelline cysts, or even a patent vitelline canal forming a vitelline fistula when the umbilical cord is cut. Torsions of intestine around the intestinal stalk may also occur, leading to obstruction, ischemia, and necrosis.
