Spectrum of Reaction:
1) Metastasis with no reaction
2) Metastasis with desmoplastic reaction
3) Metastasis with invasion
4) Vascular/Neural invasion
5) real metastasis
Coelemic origin
- ovary
- peritoneum
=> mucinous reaction
GIST positive stain:
- CD34 (rule out leiomyoma)
It is a cell surface glycoprotein and functions as a cell-cell adhesion factor. It may also mediate the attachment of stem cells to bone marrow extracellular matrix or directly to stromal cells
- umbilical cord
- bone marrow as hematopoeitic cells,
- endothelial progenitor cells, endothelial cells of blood vessels but not lymphatics (except pleural lymphatics),
- mast cells, a sub-population dendritic cells (which are factor XIIIa negative) in the interstitium and around the adnexa of dermis of skin,
- as well as cells in soft tissue tumors like DFSP, GIST, PNSTs etc.
- c-kit
-This gene encodes the human homolog of the proto-oncogene c-kit. C-kit was first identified as the cellular homolog of the feline sarcoma viral oncogene v-kit. This protein is a type 3 transmembrane receptor for MGF (mast cell growth factor, also known as stem cell factor). Mutations in this gene are associated with gastrointestinal stromal tumors, mast cell disease, acute myelogenous lukemia, and piebaldism. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[2]
- CD117 is a proto-oncogene, meaning that overexpression or mutations of this protein can lead to cancer.[3]
- Seminomas,
- leukemia, a cancer of hematopoietic progenitors,
- gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).
- negative S100 (not + in neuroendocrine)
Koilocyte
- E4 protein causes keratin dysregulation
p16 used to differentiate high grade vs. reactive
p16 produced from inactivation of Rb.
Reactive epithelium
- although large nuclei
- uniform (no pleomorphism)
Leprosy (Mycobacterium leprae)
- tuberculoid(TT)
=> intense reaction granuloma
- lepromatous(LL)
=> no response
phyte stain/EFT ???
Ogilvie's syndrome (acute colonic pseudo-obstruction)
- clinical disorder with the signs, symptoms, and radiographic appearance of an acute large bowel obstruction with no evidence of distal colonic obstruction. The colon may become massively dilated; if not decompressed, the patient risks perforation, peritonitis, and death.
Colchine - gout, arthritis
stops mitosis
increased mitotic figure
GI toxicity
Pacemaker cell in gut
